2018 Best Brightest Joshua Ahazie, U.C.-Berkeley (Haas)

2018 Best Brightest: Joshua Ahazie, U.C.-Berkeley (Haas) by: Jeff Schmitt on April 01, 2018 | 0 Comments Comments 726 Views April 1, 2018Joshua AhazieU.C.-Berkeley (Haas)Proud Nigerian, music enthusiast, and lifelong learner.Fun fact about yourself: I play more than 10 musical instruments.Hometown: Lagos, NigeriaHigh School: Trinity International CollegeMajor: Business AdministrationFavorite Business Course: Macroeconomics, International Consulting for Small Medium-Sized Enterprises, Leadership in Social Entrepreneurship.Extracurricular Activities, Community Work, and Leadership Roles During College: (Include school awards and honors)Vice President, Student AffairsFounder, The ATIDE ProjectTeacher’s Assistant, Berkeley Business Academy for YouthStudent Ambassador, Berkeley City CollegeBig Ideas, Big Vote Award Winner 2017Honor Roll, Berkeley City CollegeInstrumentalist, RCCG GracelandUC JazzWhere have you interned during your college career? I spent most summers conduct ing research in Nigeria and working as an independent analyst and project leader for small and medium-sized businesses within the country.Where will you be working after graduation? I haven’t committed yet, but will working in either strategy, management consulting, or account management.Who is your favorite professor? John Veitch. We spent the first few minutes of every class reviewing articles from the Wall Street Journal. This encouraged us to think critically and apply our knowledge directly to current global issues.What did you enjoy most about your business school? The environment. I enjoy constantly being surrounded by students and staff who have done, are doing, or will do remarkable things in their different industries.What advice would you give to a student looking to major in a business-related field?Remember three things as you further your academic career: Passion, action, and impact. Explore your strengths, the problems that surround things you are passionate ab out, and identify the actions you are currently taking, or will take, to make things better.  Ã‚                       Ã¢â‚¬Å"If I didn’t major in business, I would be majoring in or studying†¦Music, but my parents would never let that happen. Political economy is a more realistic alternative as it offers a very critical foundation to understanding most of the global issues we’re faced with.What has surprised you most about majoring in business? I honestly haven’t been surprised by much. It’s a lot of what I expected – problems, actions, and results.Which academic, extracurricular or personal achievement are you most proud of? I’m really excited to work have worked with my colleagues on an outreach program that helps community college students interested in attending Haas. As a transfer student myself, giving others this opportunity meant a lot to me. Crazy thing is, we expected 70 students and more than 181 showed up fo r our program.If you were a dean for a day, what one thing would you change about the business school? First Fridays at Haas—an event that would allow students to showcase and enjoy their non-business sides over music and food.Which classmate do you most admire? Kevin Bunarjo. There is nobody who embodies the Haas ethos more than he does. He’s intelligent, social, fast-thinking and reliable all while double majoring in business and computer science.Who would you most want to thank for your success? God and my family. My parents, for their undying support, my older brother for always keeping me on track, and my little sisters for always giving me a reason to be the best version of myself.What would your theme song be? â€Å"Water No Get Enemy† by Fela KutiSonically, the song reminds me of home. On a deeper level, to me, water in this song represents struggle: you can’t live without it, sometimes you don’t like it, but you need it to grow.What are t he top two items on your bucket list? I’d like to direct and score a film. I’d also like to spend a day with one of my favorite music producers, Otis Jackson Jr., aka Madlib.Favorite book: The AlchemistFavorite movie: I recently watched Inception and it was great.Favorite vacation spot: Puntarenas, Costa Rica.What are your hobbies? Record Collecting, Travelling, Film/Photography.What made Joshua such an invaluable member of the Class of 2018?â€Å"Passion is the first word that comes to mind when reflecting about Joshua Ahazie. His involvement in student outreach has been so motivational to the many who aspire to be a part of the Haas Community. A true student of action, he is not afraid to seize opportunities, cultivate spaces of inclusiveness and leave no peer behind. I look forward to seeing Josh thrive in his future endeavors, and be the awesome leader he is meant to be.†Mary Balingit Assistant Director of Admissions and Outreach at HaasDONT MISS: THE BEST BRIGHTEST BUSINESS MAJORS OF 2018 THE COMPLETE LIST Page 1 of 11

The exchange rate risks and the factors that managers should consider - Free Essay Example

Exchange rate risk is one of the most important factors managers should consider while dealing in outside the country in foreign currency. To reduce the volatility in future cash flows and to protect from losses due to change in currency rates stimulates the firm to go for a hedging strategy to cater currency risk problem. Billing in home currency, Forwards, Futures, Options and hedging through money markets are the potential strategies firm can adopt to hedge their currency risk. Giving right to purchase or sale not the obligation, paying premium at the time of contract and to some extent the flexibility in exercising the contract are the potential factors that discriminate Currency forward options with currency forward fixed contracts. The right to buy or sale allows the firm to minimize the risk and maximize the profits as compared to option contract at the cost of premium paid at the time of contract. In the case of firm it was found that the selecting forward contract is the best hedging strategy as company can get maximum proceeds in dollars from this strategy as compared to billing in US dollars or money market hedge. Company can earn 33306022.4 dollars from forward contract which is 744399.5 dollars more than billing in US dollar strategy and 342602.6 dollars more than money market strategy. 1. Introduction: Today this is a world of globalization where firms are broadening their activities across the boundaries and not restricted themselves for local operations only. Access to new markets, raw materials, new technology, to seek production efficiency, diversification and to avoid political and regulatory risks are the potential factors that stimulate the firms to go global (Brigham and Houston, 2008:747). While dealing in across the border a number of factors like exchange rate risk, political risk, regulatory risk, cultural and language differences can affect the decision making of managers. Exchange rate risk is one of the most important factors in this respect. Exchange rate is the specified units of a given currency that are equal to the one unit of another currency. So whenever international financial managers are dealing in foreign currency instead of their local currency, an analysis of exchange rate risk should make to assess the real value of transaction. 2. Why hedging Exchange Rate risk: Exchange rate risk management becomes more critical for the firms dealing in import and export where change in currency rate can lead to a volatile cash flow. It was Adler and Dumas who have explain the exchange rate exposure phenomena as the volatility in cash flows because of unexpected increase or decrease in foreign exchange rate (1984). As a key source of uncertainty for companies exchange rates evidenced a volatility of ten times of inflation rate and four times of interest rate all over the world (Jorion, 1990). Froot et al. have found that volatility in the cash flows due to change in exchange rates can lead to a shortage of finance and as a result direct the company for costly external financing (1993). Though researchers found a small economical and significant effect between firmacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value and the change in exchange risk (Griffin and Stutz, 2001) but still it increases opportunity cost and the uncertainty about the future cash flows. So hedging exchan ge rate risk is very important to avoid this uncertainty of losses. As the firm is expecting to receive 500 million Mexican pesos in next 6 months while those Pesos will be used in home country. So after receiving those pesos they have to convert into dollars to use in US. Today if company receives those 500 Poses and converted it on spot bid rate (rate at which you can buy Dollars in exchange of other specified currency at the spot) then firm will receive 500000000 / 15.3555 = 32561622.9 dollars. But firm will get these Pesos in next 6 month and what will happen if the spot bid rate does change? Now suppose if the Mexican Pesos depreciated after 6 month and spot bid rate changes from 15.3555 to 15.5 Poses/Dollar and firm converted those Poses into Dollar then the firm will receive 500000000 / 15.5 = 32258064.5 Dollars which is 303558.4 (32561622.9 32258064.5 = 303558.4) less than today amount of Dollars if converted. So it is very important to manage this risk arises due to change in exchange rate and hedging exchange rate risk to avoid future cash flow volatility. 3. Techniques of hedging Exchange Rate risk: Above illustration shows the importance of hedging exchange rate risk especially when foreign currency is expected to appreciate for an importer or depreciation in foreign currency for an exporter while payments or receipts are made in foreign currency. Firms use derivative instruments to hedge their exchange rate risk and to avoid the volatility in their cash flows all over the world (Froot et al., 1993). Following are techniques to hedge exchange rate in this respect. 3.1 Billing in home currency: While dealing in foreign exchange currencies in their operations one can deal in three different currencies Home Currency Counter partyacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s home currency Third country currency Dealing with home currency transaction is the easiest way to hedge the currency risk as whenever the payment is paid you will receive in home currency and no need to convert it with other currency that can lead to volatile cash flows, but this holds true if home currency is stronger and expected to appreciate with respect to that currency (Grath, 2008:98). While if foreign currency is expected to appreciate i.e. forward rate is less than spot rate then you can hedge yourself through forward contracts with more returns. 3.2 Currency Forwards: It is an obligatory sale or purchase agreement of a specified number of units of a currency with a specified exchange rate in replace of another currency at a future date. The agreed rate can be different from spot rate but it did not assure that on that future date spot price of that currency will be same as this forward rate. This forward rate is been determined according to interest rates and to market situation plus bank commission (Grath, 2008:98). These are over the counter contracts and time period of the transaction should be more than 2 days after transaction and in the foreign exchange market nearly 10 percent of all transactions are forward contracts (Homaifar, 2004:41). It is an obligation on both the parties and at the maturity of contract one party has to sale and other has to purchase that specified numbers of units at that agreed price. In these contracts one can hedge his exchange rate risk by transferring it to the counter party. Currency forward contracts allows a firm to hedge its exchange rate risk by locking the price to be paid against foreign currency as the value of that currency may appreciate over time (Madura, 2006). For example as firm is expected to receive 500 million Pesos whose spot rate is 15.3555 and we made a 6 month forward contract whose rate is 15.0123 and hedge our risk. Now whatever the spot price will be after 6 months bank is obligatory to exchange those Pesos at 15.0123 exchange rates and risk has been transferred to bank. If the spot rate at that time is more than forward rate then bank will enjoy premium and if the exchange rate falls than forward rate than risk bank will bear losses. Though currency rate risk is been catered in forwards with customized options but as these are over the counter contracts usually made by bank, so the risk of default of that bank is associated and on the other hand liquidity before maturity of these contracts are also been an issue to be considered. 3.3 Futures Contract Having all features of forward contracts but standardized features along with trading in exchange makes it different from forwards. As Futures are traded on exchange, so the risk of default is guaranteed by that exchange. Unlike forwards these are standardized contracts where you just have to choose your contract. 3.4 Currency Options: These are the contracts in which the buyer of option has the right, but not the compulsion to sale or buy a specified number of units of a currency at a agreed rate during some future date (Grath, 2008:101). Unlike forward or futures it did not create obligations to the party to execute the contract but it provides the right to the option holder whether to execute the contract or not at the time of maturity. A call option provides to its owner the right to purchase while a put option gives the right to sell a specified number of foreign currency in exchange of home currency at a particular price (also called strike price), on or before some specified expiration date (Marcus, 2004:656). Option holder has to pay some premium at the time of contract but at the withdrawal option holder will loss that premium. Both options at over the counter and tradable options are available. Suppose you buy a put option to sell 5oo million Mexican Poses after 6 month with a premium of $1000 at the ra te of 15.2 Poses / Dollar and today spot price is 15.3555 Poses / Dollar. Now after 6 months total value of option will be $32893736.8 (500000000 / 15.2 $1000). You will exercise the put option if the spot rate at that time will be at least 15.2004 poses / dollars (500000000 / 32893736.8) as at this level there is no profit and no loss. So decrease in spot rate at that time from this level will increase the profitability in dollars while any increase from this level will lead to withdraw from option as it will increase the loss. 3.5 Hedging through Money Market: It is a process by which one can borrow and deposits different currencies in different countries having different interest rates to eliminate the currency risk. Here the logic is different interest rates in different countries and we try to cater our currency risk through those interest rate differentials. 4. Calculations of three chosen approaches: Bid Rate Ask Rate Spot rate (Peso/USD) 15.3555 15.3561 Six months forward (Peso/USD) 15.0123 15.0134 Six months interest rates U.S Mexico Deposit 3.1% p.a. 1.6% p.a. Borrowing 5.1% p.a. 2.6% p.a. 4.1 Billing in US Dollars: As firm is expecting 500 million Mexican poses in next 6 months. Now if firm contracted with its customer to pay in US dollars then today he will fix dollar amount to be paid after 6 months according to current spot rate as given. Dollars to be paid = 500000000 / 15.3555 = 32561622.9 US Dollars Now after 6 months company will receive 32561622.9 dollars from its customer and company has hedged himself to this amount of dollars. Now whatever the exchange rate will be after 6 months company will receive 32561622.9 dollars. 4.2 Currency Forward Contract: Another option that can be used to hedge currency risk is forward contract. After entering a six month forward contract company can lock the exchange price of 15.0123 poses per dollar. Now whatever the price will be after 6 month company can exchange those 500 million poses into dollars at 15.0123 poses per dollar. So after 6 month company will receive following amounts. Receipts from customers = 500000000 poses Covert to Dollar at Forward rate = 500000000 / 15.0123 = 33306022.4 Dollars So after entering forward contract company has locked the conversion price at 15.0123 and can convert those 500 million poses into 33306022.4 Dollars after 6 months. 4.3 Money Market Hedge: Company can also go for a money market hedge where firm can borrow from Mexican money market for 6 months against some interest rate to be paid and convert this amount into Dollars. Then deposit this amount in home country money market for 6 months for some interest. When receive those 500 million poses from its customer, return the loan borrowed from Mexican money market and also receive money deposited in home country money market with interest. This all process is completed in following way Step 1 Borrow required Poses from Mexican market = 500000000 / [1 + (0.026 * 6/12)] = 500000000 / 1.013 = 493583416 poses Step 2 Covert these Poses into Dollars at current spot rate = 493583416 / 15.3555 = 32143754.1 Dollars Step 3 Deposit these Dollars into home money market at 5.1% p.a. Step 4 Now after 6 months firmacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s repayment of loan (Principle + interest) from Mexican market becomes due Amount due to Mexican money market = Principle + Interest = 493583416 + 6416584 = 500000000 Poses Company will repay its 500000000 Poses loan after receiving from its customer. Company also will receive his deposited 32143754.1 Dollars along with 5.1% p.a. interest rate. Amount Receive from Home money market = Principle + Interest = 32143754.1 + (32143754.1 * 0.051 * 6/12) = 32143754.1 + 819665.73 = 32963419.8 Dollars So after 6 months company will receive a total of 32963419.8 Dollars. 4.4 Recommended approach: Company should go for forward contract to hedge its currency rate risk as company will receive maximum amount of dollars after 6 month in this approach. If company goes for billing in US dollars then it will receive 32561622.9 dollars which is not a good option as the forward rate is less than spot rate and company can gain 33306022.4 Dollars through forward contract even more than the proceeds will receive from money market hedge approach. In exercising the forward contract company can hedge his currency risk and also will earn 744399.5 (33306022.4 32561622.9) dollars more than billing n US dollar option and 342602.6 (33306022.4 32963419.8) more than the money market option. 5. Forward exchange fixed V/S forward exchange option contracts: Following are the critical features that distinguish these two Forward exchange fixed and forward exchange option contracts. 5.1 Option but not obligation: The main feature that differentiate forward option contract with forward fixed contract is the right to execute the contract and not the obligation. In option contract option holder can cancel the contracts while loosing his premium amount (Grath, 2008:101). This feature of option provides option holder more flexible risk management as he can cancel the deal if observing low proceeds of amount and also can got high profits if the exchange spot rate increases as compared to strike price (option exchange rate). While in forward you make a 100% hedge and lack at one price. 5.2 Premium: No premium is required to enter in a forward contract while for a forward option contract premium is required which act as insurance premium determined and varying according to interest rate level, market condition, time period of contract and expected fluctuations in currency Grath, 2008:102). This feature of options can make it costly as compared to forwards. But on the other hand it can also provide an opportunity for high profits. Unlike options there is no such premium required to enter in a forward contract but a little margin or commission. 5.3 Trading: Forwards are available in over the counter market while options can be accessed through both traditional and over the counter market. So both tailor made and standardized option contracts are available. 5.4 Exercise Time: As it is very difficult for an importer to figure out the exact time of payment or proceeds will receive in foreign currency, so option contract also can provide this kind of flexibility. For example if today (1 April) you but an option for 6 months at a strike rate of 15.43 Poses / Dollars and in agreement it is given that you can exercise this agreement from 1st September to 30th September. Now you have more flexibility in exercising the contract according to your need during the month of September. But in the case of forward contract you fix a future date and the contract will be exercised on that particular date.

Death Penalty Is The Act Of Executing Someone Of A Capital...

The death penalty is the act of executing someone of a capital crime. A capital crime is defined as murder or betrayal of one’s country. Since about July 1, 2015 the United States thirty-one states have legalized the death penalty leaving nineteenth states remaining illegal. Death should not be the resolution to any problem regardless of what the situation was.(mixed sentence). As humans, we make mistakes throughout our lives and that is how we learn from them. In many cases, death penalty simply executes the person, no suffering just death. Death penalty should be illegal in all fifty states because a person suffers more life in prison and is more of a punishment than death. The death penalty is too harsh of a punishment for a robbery as in South Carolina you can be executed for robbery. Once a person has been found guilty of the charges that were presented to them, the juries are the ones to decide their punishment. 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Ethical And Ethical Issues Of The Healthcare Professionals

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Science Of Improving A Human Population - 3058 Words

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Healthy Eating free essay sample

Maintaining healthy eating habits will help reduce the risks of chronic illnesses, promote weight loss, and increase your energy levels. Healthy eating is about making wise decisions regarding the foods that a person puts into their body. Part of practicing healthy eating is eating the right foods and the right portions of that food from all of the food groups in order to maintain high energy levels, optimum health, and just plain feeling good. Healthy eating is a nutritional lifestyle that increases health. Healthy eating has to be a lifestyle in order to reduce the chance of overeating. â€Å"Healthy eating is not a diet. It means making changes you can live with and enjoy for the rest of your life† (Healthy Eating: Benefits of a Healthier Diet, 2011). Two of the most common problems that we often see regarding the way we eat is, emotional eating and under eating. The difference in healthy eating and emotional eating is that regular hunger comes about gradually and emotional hunger comes about suddenly, and it is triggered by an individual’s mood. Emotional eating is eating to feed your emotions or feelings. Often times emotional eating isn’t about hunger at all, it just feels good and satisfying to eat. Another difference between emotional eating and healthy eating is that emotional eating normally causes you to want certain types of food, most often, not a healthy option which leaves you feeling regretful. One of the best ways to avoid emotional eating is to eat the recommended five meals per day, your three important meals of breakfast, lunch and dinner, and a snack in between. This way you are never hungry. Sometimes when you go for long periods without eating, emotional hunger will kick in, and you will grab anything in sight to eat no matter if it is healthy or not because emotional hunger gives the feeling that we have to eat right away unlike the gradual occurrence of physical hunger. When you practice healthy eating habits, five small meals a day will reduce the chances of that happening. In most cases under eating is looked at as dieting, but it can easily become an eating disorder. Under eating is often practiced by people that are extremely weight conscious. Because of fear of gaining weight they will under eat the recommended amount of calories or neglect certain food groups, most likely carbohydrates. The negative effects of under eating are many and can be quite serious. Problems that may develop from under eating include depression, irrational thinking, issues with digestion, skin and hair, and restless sleep, to name a few. The best way to eat and be healthy without depriving the body of what it needs is to be educated on how to balance what you eat and stick to small portions. Healthy eating involves eating from all of the basic food groups each day to get the necessary vitamins and nutrients. The best way to eat is by staying away from salt, sugars, and fatty foods and adding more veggies, fruits, whole grains, and dairy and protein foods. Many people make the mistake of omitting certain food groups from their diet in an effort to lose weight. However, the most effective way to lose weight and maintain those results as well as good health is to have a balanced diet. A balanced diet means to eat from all of the food groups in the correct amounts. All of the food groups are essential to good health and give something different to the body. The food groups in whole grain, fruits and veggies, dairy, protein, and fats and sugars. Whole grain foods include pasta, cereal and bread. Whole grains are high in minerals, vitamins and fiber. Fruits and veggies can be eaten a few different ways to get their nutritional value. Whether canned, frozen, or juiced, fruits and veggies have similar nutritional value as whole grains. Proteins are great sources of magnesium, B vitamins, zinc and iron. Foods that are good sources of protein are poultry, nuts, eggs, beans, meat and fish. Dairy foods include cheese and milk products. A balanced diet of these food groups will likely make us feel good and get us to a comfortable weight and have a more lasting effect. Equally important, eating smart is a controllable risk factor for chronic illnesses such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease. Heart disease is caused by too much plaque inside the arteries. Plaque is made up of calcium, carbohydrates and other things in the blood and can cause blockage to the arteries. One of the best ways to reduce the chance of heart disease is by eating healthy and incorporating physical activity to your daily routine. Heart disease patients are encouraged to eat more fish and increase omega 3 in their diet. Also, they should consume little to no alcohol. Diabetes is common in individuals who have poor diets. Diabetic patients have to be careful to eat minimal carbohydrates to help keep blood sugars down. High blood sugar comes as a result of the body becoming resistant to insulin, hence, the development of the disease. Cancer and osteoporosis have also been linked to being overweight. Making sure that there is plenty of vitamin D, antioxidants, and calcium, being consumed along with regular exercise will help reduce the risks of these and other diseases. Maintaining a healthy body weight can cure, delay and prevent the development of diabetes in most people. Likewise, chronic illnesses are not the only health issues that we face if we don’t practice healthy eating. Depending on what a person’s eating habits are, they could be at risk for obesity or anorexia. Obesity is different from being overweight. When a person is overweight, it can be due to a variety of things such as, water, bone or muscle. Being obese means a person has an excess in body fat. Obesity doesn’t come solely from overeating but also can be promoted by genetics, and lack of physical activity. Eating foods that are high in fat and a lack of exercise can contribute to obesity as well. Being obese has been said to increase the chances of developing arthritis, diabetes, and heart disease to name a few. The extreme opposite of obesity would be anorexia. Anorexia is a very serious eating disorder and in some cases it is life threatening. Anorexia is said to be a mental disorder where a person refrains from eating in effort to experience significant weight loss. This disorder is brought on by an intense fear of being overweight. Most people that suffer from anorexia reduce their calorie intake to less than 1000 calories per day and exercise more than the recommended amount. A diet of less than 1000 calories a day can result in malnutrition. Malnutrition is the condition of a body that lacks adequate vitamins and nutrients. This condition, as well as anorexia can cause a variety of illnesses, even death. Being educated on how to obtain and maintain a desired healthy weight by eating the recommended amount of nutritious food is the best tool for a person struggling with anorexia and malnutrition. Additionally, it is important to know that what we eat can affect our metabolism, brain function, mood, and energy levels. The key to getting our metabolism up in the morning is by starting the day with a healthy breakfast. In order to keep the metabolism burning throughout the day is by eating several small meals a day. When your metabolism is up, so is your energy levels, and as long as your energy is up you can burn calories all throughout the day. While eating healthy is a large part of maintaining optimum health, we shouldn’t forget about exercise. Eating smart accompanied by daily exercise will give us even greater results and will promote a feel good sensation. This feel good sensation is brought on by the release of endorphins that happens while working out. Endorphins are located in the brain and are natural pain relievers. They promote the feeling of happy. Do you want to live a long, healthy, and happy life? If so, consider changing the way you look at food. Maintaining healthy eating habits will help reduce the risks of chronic illnesses, promote weight loss, and increase your energy levels. You can feel your best by incorporating smart eating habits into your daily regimen. References Emotional Eating: Feeding Your Feelings. WebMD. Online. Internet. 2003. http://www. webmd. com/diet/features/emotional-eating-feeding-your-feelings.

History of mental illness Essay Example For Students

History of mental illness Essay Specific Purpose: To inform my audience how treatment of mental illness in America has changed. Central Idea: Treatment of mental illness in America from past, to present. I What is Mental Illness? Mental illnesses are disorders of the brain that disrupt a persons thinking, feeling, moods, and ability to relate to others-and if severe interferes with all aspects of daily living. A. The care and support of people with mental illness affects everyone in society. 1.The National Mental Health Association reports that 40 million adult Americans are affected by mental disorders 2. 6.6 million Americans are disabled by severe mental illness. The cost of metal health care is over $150 billion a year. B. Today I am speaking about how the treatment of Mental Illness has changed in America 1. I have worked in the mental health field sense I was 16 years old. 2. I have seen first had the effects of past treatments of mental illness working in an immediate care facility for mentally retarded adults. 3. Unfortunately not much was known about the cause or treatment of mental illness until very recently in our history. The History of mental illness Essay can seen in 3 separate stages: the old system of State hospitals, the Invention of Thorazine and other anti-psychotics, and community integration, the current system for the mentally ill. (TRANSITION) Hopefully I can explain when and why these changes occurred today, lets begin with the State Institution IState mental Institutions open in 1800s (Providing care for insane usually left to prisons +Families before this time) A.Mental illness believed to stem from brain injury, or moral causes. 1.Prevailing theories of insanity thought that social, political, and economic freedoms were causing insanity- severely limiting freedom outside the asylum would cure mentally ill patients. 2. Believed mentally ill could be coaxed into normal adult hood though punishment, confinement and moral training. B.Hospitals criticized for abuse, mistreatment , overuse of restraint, and unethical medical 1. Charges of abuse begin in 1800s. The supernatant of central state hospital goes to Governor with concerns. 2. The lobotomy, electroshock, insulin shock, and other medical procedures seen as unethical, and harmful to many. (Transition) Until the 1950s States continued opening State Hospitals, to house all mental and MRDD patients. However, the invention of drugs used to treat mental illness changed the rules. Suddenly patients that seemed hopeless could be helped with medicine, and possibly function in the community. IIAnti-psychotics change the field of psychology. A. Throazine, other major tranquilizers developed 1952 The French psychiatrists Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker report that Thorazine calms hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients without causing clinically significant depression. The drug is called hibernotherapie because patients became quiet, like animals in hibernation. 1.Medicine makes treatment of psychotic patients easier, decreases agitation, and hallucinations. 2.Decreases hospital stays, and length of time spent at hospital. B.Critics charge that hospitals overmedicate with thorazine, and that conditions at state hospitals 1.Movies like one flew over the coo-coos nest, and many other documentary and literary works about conditions of state hospitals create public interest. 2.State Hospitals begin to close many because of lack of funding and due to poor conditions and reports of abuse. 3. The decrease in patients in state hospitals went from just under 560,000 in 1955 to just over 130,000 in 1980, a change of more than 75 percent. (Transition) As the invention of psychiatric drugs and public interest in the treatment of the mentally ill grew, State institutions were shut down. Many patients began new lives, no longer tied to hospitals, and given freedom to take charge of their lives. Many other patients though, struggled controlling their illness without the 24-hour care of hospitals. A.Community public hospitals and private hospitals begin to treat mentally ill. .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f , .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f .postImageUrl , .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f , .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f:hover , .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f:visited , .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f:active { border:0!important; } .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f:active , .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufbea6c659136cf704ad815308b12568f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Perfect Pitch Essay 1.Treatment focused on getting patient back into community, and supporting themselves. 2.Social workers, case managers, vocational rehab work together to support people who need help with family, work, or medical issues. 3.Increased study of mental illness develops new medications to treat mental illness B. Downfalls of current mental health system. 1.Patients often restricted due to cost of treatment and lack of insurance. 2.People who have mental illness often fall between cracks, ending up homeless, or in jail, or in nursing homes. 3. Stigmas of mental illness make community integration difficult. (Transition) Mental .